Mahatma Gandhi: life and legacy
Law and South Africa
Gandhi trained as a lawyer in London and developed satyagraha while challenging discrimination in South Africa. These campaigns combined moral discipline with organisation, negotiation and publicity.
Mass politics in India
Returning in 1915, he joined local struggles before leading national non-cooperation. His clothing, language and travel helped turn Congress politics into a broader movement, though participation remained uneven.
Civil disobedience
The Salt March of 1930 challenged the colonial monopoly through a deliberately accessible act. Nonviolence constrained tactics but did not prevent repression, and other nationalists disagreed with Gandhi's methods and social programme.
Partition and legacy
Gandhi opposed communal killing and the partition that accompanied independence. Assassinated by a Hindu nationalist in 1948, he left a global language of nonviolent resistance alongside debates about caste, gender and political compromise.
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